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Le Burundi a un potentiel électrique exploitable de 1.300 MW mais aujourd’hui seuls quelques 32 MW sont effectivement exploités. Le ministre burundais de l’Energie et des Mines, Côme Manirakiza, a donc annoncé la mise en place de divers projets pour réduire le déficit énergétique.

Même si la consommation moyenne d’énergie du Burundi reste l’une des plus faibles d’Afrique, avec seulement 23 kWh par personne et par an, la production d’énergie du Burundi ne suffit pas pour satisfaire la demande sur le long terme.

En effet, la mise en œuvre du projet de raffinerie du nickel à Musongati dans le sud-est du pays aurait un minimum de besoins en capacité de 200 MW. A ce projet s’ajoute la réhabilitation ou la naissance de nouvelles unités ainsi que l’électrification des zones rurales.

Pour palier le déficit énergétique futur, le gouvernement burundais a annoncé avoir entrepris certains projets. Parmi ceux-ci figurent la construction de la centrale hydroélectrique de Mpanda (10,4 MW), celle sur la rivière Kaburantwa (20 MW) ou encore une nouvelle centrale thermique d’une puissance de 5 MW à Bujumbura.

Mais d’autres projets sont en cours de réalisation comme la centrale hydroélectrique sur la rivière Kagunuzi de 12 MW. Le Burundi, par ailleurs, aura une part de 49 MW de la production de la centrale hydroélectrique de Ruzizi III d’une puissance de 145 MW construite dans le cadre de la Communauté Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL).

Le Burundi bénéficiera aussi de 27 Mw issus de la centrale hydroélectrique de Rusomo-falls d’une puissance de 80 MW qui reliera Burundi, Tanzanie et Rwanda.