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L’émirat de Dubaï, réputé pour ses constructions hors normes, vient à nouveau de s’illustrer dans les médias du monde entier avec un projet pharaonique : construire une centrale solaire à concentration d’une puissance inégalée de 1 000 MW. C’est donc avec l’aide de l’énergie solaire que la première ville des Émirat arabes unis espère verdir son mix électrique au cours des 10 prochaines années.

1 GW de puissance de production

Le riche émirat de Dubaï a annoncé en juin dernier son intention de développer, d’ici 2030, une centrale solaire thermodynamique à concentration d’une puissance exceptionnelle de 1 GW. Ce projet, destiné à devenir la plus grande centrale solaire à concentration du monde, devrait donc détrôner la centrale de Noor au Maroc.

Lire aussi : Le Maroc lance la production de sa centrale solaire Noor1

Le PDG de l’Autorité de l’eau et de l’électricité de Dubaï, Saïd Mohamed Al-Tayer, a présenté la première phase de ce projet : il s’agit d’une première tranche de 200 MW qui sera achevée, selon le calendrier prévisionnel, d’ici 2021.

Une centrale solaire thermodynamique à concentration présente l’avantage de concentrer les rayons du soleil à l’aide de miroirs concaves qui, équipés de trackers, suivent la trajectoire du soleil tout au long de la journée. Il s’agit de chauffer à plus de 500 °C un fluide colporteur constitué de sels fondus afin de produire de la vapeur, puis de l’électricité.

Le solaire, une ressource à valoriser pour les Emirats arabes unis

Dubaï ambitionne de générer 7 % de son électricité grâce à des sources d’énergies propres d’ici les quatre prochaines années. Sur le plus long terme, l’émirat s’est fixé l’ambitieux objectif de produire 75 % de son énergie électrique de manière respectueuse de l’environnement d’ici 2050. Et notamment grâce à l’énergie solaire.

De manière générale, les Emirats arabes unis misent sur l’énergie solaire depuis quelques années maintenant. Cette ressource renouvelable est notamment exploitée depuis 2013 grâce au parc photovoltaïque de Shams I, situé dans le désert près de Madinat Zayed, à 120 kilomètres au sud-ouest d’Abou Dhabi.

Ce projet solaire à concentration devrait recevoir des améliorations pour atteindre 200 MW d’ici l’année prochaine. À l’heure actuelle, il affiche une capacité de 100 MW et assure l’alimentation électrique de 20 000 foyers dans l’émirat.

Lire aussi : Les Emirats arabes unis financent leur transition énergétique

Crédit photo : angusfrasermktg