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C’est à Abou Dhabi qu’a commencé et s’est terminée l’aventure de Solar Impulse 2. Le 26 juillet dernier, cet avion à propulsion électrique terminait en effet avec succès un périple tout aussi ambitieux qu’improbable : un tour du monde en avion avec le soleil pour seul carburant. L’objectif de Bertrand Piccard et André Borschberg, les deux pilotes suisses ambassadeurs du projet, était de promouvoir les technologies renouvelables. Récit d’un incroyable voyage et des perspectives ouvertes par le projet.

« Les technologies propres peuvent réaliser l’impossible »

C’est le 9 mars 2015 que l’avion solaire Solar Impulse 2 a décollé de l’aéroport Al-Batten d’Abou Dhabi, à quelques kilomètres de la capitale des Émirats arabes unis (EAU), pour un périple autour du monde grâce à la seule énergie solaire. Un peu plus d’un an après, le 26 juillet dernier, l’avion se posait sur la même piste ; l’équipe tout entière pouvait alors célébrer une première mondiale : un tour du monde aérien de 40.000 kilomètres sans avoir consommé la moindre goutte de carburant.

« Plus qu’un exploit dans l’histoire de l’aviation, c’est un exploit dans l’histoire des énergies renouvelables. C’est maintenant à votre tour d’aller plus loin », s’est exclamé Bertrand Piccard en débarquant de son aéronef.

Équipé de 17.200 cellules solaires déployées sur le dessus de ses ailes, Solar Impulse 2 est en effet un engin qui aura contribué à marquer d’une pierre blanche l’histoire de l’aviation, en bouclant son tour du monde mais pas que. André Borschberg a également établi un autre record : celui du plus long vol en solitaire sans ravitaillement et sans escale en parcourant en 5 jours les 8.900 kilomètres séparant Nagoya (Japon) et Hawaii (États-Unis).

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« J’ai lancé le projet Solar Impulse en 2003 pour transmettre le message que les technologies propres peuvent réaliser l’impossible », explique son compère de vol, Bertrand Piccard. Un début d’aventure que le pilote décrit comme compliqué : les sponsors ne soutiennent que faiblement l’initiative et les médias ne portent que peu d’intérêts au projet.

« Il y a qu’une seule façon d’échouer, c’est de ne pas essayer »

Mais aujourd’hui, le son de cloche est totalement différent. « Ce que nous voyons, c’est que Facebook démarre un projet de drones solaires avec la même technologie que celle que nous avons utilisée. De grands groupes comme Airbus ou des institutions comme la Nasa travaillent aussi sur un avion à propulsion électrique comme le nôtre dont la seule source d’énergie est le soleil. C’est encourageant de voir qu’ils ont intégré dans leur plan de développement des projets renouvelables », constate André Borschberg.

Cette performance pionnière, saluée notamment par le secrétaire général de l’ONU Ban Ki-moon, a donné naissance au Comité international pour les technologies propres (ICCT). Le but de cette organisation et de fédérer ONG, entreprises et associations désireuses de faire entendre leurs opinions. Et ainsi avoir plus de poids au niveau de son impact politique.

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Quant à l’impact de Solar Impulse sur le secteur de l’aviation, Bertrand Piccard se révèle plutôt optimiste. D’ici une dizaine d’année, des avions électriques seront selon lui capables d’embarquer une cinquantaine de passagers sur des vols courts et moyens courriers. Et ce dernier de répéter tel un mantra la phrase qui l’a toujours fait avancer : « Il n’y a qu’une seule façon d’échouer, c’est de ne pas essayer ».

Crédit photo : Milko Vuille