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Dans les nombreux chantiers qui visent à rendre le secteur électrique français encore plus vertueux, figure un projet avant-gardiste faisant même office de grande première mondiale : la construction d’une route solaire capable de produire et d’injecter de l’électricité sur le réseau français. Loin d’appartenir à la science-fiction, l’idée est au cœur d’une expérimentation qui vient de franchir une étape supplémentaire vers sa réalisation. Ségolène Royal, ministre de l’Environnement, s’est en effet rendue le 24 octobre dernier à Tourouvre, dans le département de l’Orne, afin d’inaugurer le chantier de cette première route productrice d’électricité au monde.

Un kilomètre de route solaire d’ici décembre 2016…

La construction de la première route solaire au monde a été officiellement lancée le lundi 24 octobre en France, dans le département de l’Orne. « C’est une première mondiale dont le potentiel économique est infini », s’est enthousiasmé Ségolène Royal lorsque les ouvriers ont posé les premières dalles photovoltaïques du projet Wattway.

D’ici le mois de décembre, ce ne sont pas moins de 2.500 dalles photovoltaïques qui recouvriront 1 kilomètre d’asphalte de la route départementale 5 qui traverse la commune de Tourouvre. Collées à même la chaussée comme du carrelage, ce revêtement routier producteur d’électricité est ensuite recouvert de résine pour garantir à la route une adhérence parfaitement normale. Ce premier kilomètre de route solaire devrait permettre de répondre aux besoins en électricité d’une ville de 5.000 habitants.

Lire aussi : Wattway : et si la route de demain était solaire ?

Les dalles photovoltaïques Wattway ont déjà été testées sur des petites surfaces (entre 20 et 40 mètres carrés) sur des sites situés à Grenoble, Chambéry et Magny-le-Hameau (dans les Yvelines). C’est donc une phase d’expérimentation en condition réelle d’utilisation, qui permettra de vérifier la viabilité technique et économique du projet, qui débutera d’ici le 15 décembre prochain, date de la fin du chantier de construction de ce premier tronçon de route solaire.

… 1.000 kilomètres d’ici 2021

Le projet Wattway est le fruit d’un partenariat entre le ministère de l’Écologie, le Département de l’Orne et la commune de Tourouvre. D’abord envisagée près de Marseille, l’installation de ce premier kilomètre de route solaire a finalement été prévue en Normandie à quelques kilomètres du site de production des dalles photovoltaïques.

« C’est un symbole de ce qu’on appelle les circuits courts. J’ai voulu cette proximité de la route par rapport à l’entreprise car nous entrons dans une phase d’expérimentation. Si jamais des travaux d’ajustement sont nécessaires, SNA sera juste à côté. Elle pourra aussi faire des tests de résistance ou de productivité », estime Ségolène Royal.

La France compte aujourd’hui 950.000 kilomètres de routes. Selon les promoteurs du projet, il suffirait que recouvrir un quart de cette distance avec des dalles photovoltaïques Wattway pour assurer l’indépendance énergétique de notre pays. Un chantier qui ne nécessiterait d’ailleurs pas de travaux particulièrement lourds en raison de la facilité d’utilisation du revêtement solaire. Pour l’heure, le projet du gouvernement est plus modeste : d’ici 2021, celui-ci devrait avoir contribué au déploiement de 1.000 kilomètres de routes solaires.

Lire aussi : La Suède inaugure la 1ère route électrique du monde

Crédit photo : luctheo