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Le 12 octobre dernier, l’émission « La Méthode Scientifique » diffusée par France Culture évoquait les origines du nucléaire français. Parmi les invités, la directrice de la rédaction de Sciences & Avenir, Dominique Leglu, affirme que la recherche française avait dès ses prémisses des objectifs militaires. Une affirmation nuancée dans un article de la Société Française d’Energie Nucléaire (SFEN) qui revient sur la création du Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA).
Animée par le journaliste Nicolas Martin, l’émission « La Méthode Scientifique », sur France Culture, aborde l’actualité de la recherche sous différents angles (éthiques, politiques, économiques…). Le 12 octobre dernier, la directrice de la rédaction de Sciences et Avenir, Dominique Leglu, ainsi que le président de l’association Global Chance, Benjamin Dessus, et le directeur de recherche au CNRS Daniel Heuer, ont souhaité revenir sur les origines de la recherche nucléaire en France.
Interrogée par Nicolas Martin, Dominique Leglu assurait à cette occasion « qu’aux débuts il y a eu des besoins militaires ; il y avait besoin de faire de l’uranium et après du plutonium de qualité militaire pour faire la bombe atomique ». Evoquant un « enjeu de souveraineté », elle associe le nucléaire au militaire, tandis que Benjamin Dessus parle d’une « prolongation du gaullisme ». A l’antenne, la responsable de la revue scientifique concède toutefois qu’elle ne se remémore plus des dates exactes et situe approximativement ces événements dans les années 50.
Heureusement, dans un article publié par la SFEN, le chercheur Dominique Grenêche nous apporte quelques précisions. En abordant d’abord le projet Manhattan aux Etats-Unis, il s’interroge sur « l’exception française » évoquée par le Professeur des universités, Robert Belot. D’après l’auteur de L’atome et la France, il importe de « déconstruire un mythe selon lequel le Général De Gaulle a créé le CEA pour développer le nucléaire militaire ».
En effet, l’ordonnance qui marque la création du CEA, signée le 18 octobre 1945 par le Général De Gaulle, stipule que l’organisme doit poursuivre « les recherches scientifiques et techniques en vue de l’utilisation de l’énergie atomique dans divers domaines ». De plus, le poste de haut-commissaire est attribué le 2 janvier 1946 à Frédéric Joliot, un signataire de l’appel de Stockholm qui exige « l’interdiction absolue de l’arme atomique ». Toutefois, le scientifique a effectivement été révoqué le 28 avril 1950 par les dirigeants de la Quatrième République.
Lire aussi : L’énergie nucléaire, de Manhattan à Astrid
Crédit Photo : @OuestFrance.fr