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La consommation finale d’énergie de l’Union européenne aurait baissé de 6,35 % en 14 ans. C’est du moins ce qu’affirme le Centre Commun de Recherche (JRC, pour Joint Research Centre) dans une étude publiée le 26 août dernier. Mieux, en 2014, la consommation d’énergie européenne s’est même révélée être inférieure à l’objectif fixé pour l’année 2020.
Objectif : efficacité énergétique
En 2014, la consommation finale d’énergie des 28 États de l’Union européenne (UE) s’est élevée à 1.061 millions de tonnes équivalent pétrole (mtep). En 2000, ce même chiffre s’élevait à 1.133 mtep. En 14 ans, la consommation d’énergie européenne a donc baissé de 6,35 %. Selon les chiffres publiés par le laboratoire de recherche scientifique et technique de l’Union Européenne, le pic de consommation a été atteint en 2006 avec 1.193 mtep.
Reste que, pour la première fois de son histoire, la consommation énergétique de l’UE des 28 est passée sous la barre des 1.086 mtep : l’objectif d’efficacité énergétique fixé à l’horizon 2020 dans le cadre de la directive européenne adoptée fin 2008 a donc été atteint avec 6 ans d’avance.
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Le paquet Énergie Climat a été adopté en 2008 afin de réduire collectivement de 20 % les émissions de dioxyde de carbone des 28 États membres entre 1990 et 2020. Il s’agissait également de porter à 20 % le taux d’énergie renouvelable dans le mix européen et d’améliorer de 20 % l’efficacité des 28.
Secteurs tertiaire et transport, les mauvais élèves
Si l’on se penche sur les détails, le secteur industriel européen fait figure de bon élève : en 15 ans, sa consommation énergétique a baissé de 17,62 % pour atteindre 274 mtep en 2014 (soit 16 % de la consommation totale communautaire). Le secteur résidentiel affiche également une belle performance avec une baisse de 9,52 % des volumes d’énergie consommée.
Le tertiaire et le secteur des transports sont en revanche les mauvais élèves de l’étude de la JRC, avec respectivement une hausse de 16,5 % et de 2,2 % de leur consommation finale d’énergie. Les transports apparaissent d’ailleurs comme un véritable ogre énergétique avec un tiers de l’énergie consommée sur le Vieux Continent.
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Enfin, si l’on aborde les chiffres de la JRC d’un point de vue de la nationalité, l’Allemagne, la France, le Royaume-Uni et l’Italie apparaissent comme les champions d’Europe de la consommation d’énergie : avec respectivement 208,9 mtep (soit 19,7 % de la consommation totale de l’UE), 141,8 mtep (13,4 %), 129,8 mtep (12,2 %) et 113,4 mtep (10,7 %).
Crédit photo : phl59
Rédigé par : lucas-goal
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