Les revenus de l’OPEP chutent de 46 % en 2015 | L'EnerGeek Les revenus de l’OPEP chutent de 46 % en 2015 | L'EnerGeek

Les revenus de l’OPEP chutent de 46 % en 2015

Oil_platform_photo_Berardo62

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Oil_platform_photo_Berardo62La consommation mondiale d’hydrocarbures aurait-elle entamé une phase de déclin ? C’est ce que laisse supposer l’Agence américaine d’information sur l’énergie (EIA) qui vient de publier une étude portant sur les revenus des pays producteurs de pétrole. Selon celle-ci, les revenus liés aux exportations des membres de l’Organisation des Pays Exportateurs de Pétrole (OPEP) auraient atteint en 2015 leur plus bas niveau depuis 11 ans. Une tendance à la baisse qui devrait également être observée cette année. Explications.

404 milliards de dollars tirés des exportations de pétrole

Selon l’EIA, les pays membres de l’OPEP ont tiré quelque 404 milliards de dollars de leurs exportations de pétrole en 2015. Il s’agit d’une baisse de 46 % par rapport à l’année précédente, où les revenus de ces mêmes pays avaient atteint 753 milliards de dollars. Selon les experts de l’EIA, cette chute vertigineuse est liée à la chute des cours et aux faibles volumes exportés par ces membres.

L’Arabie saoudite reste le premier exportateur mondial de pétrole et le second producteur (après les États-Unis). Malgré ce statut, les revenus liés à l’exportation de pétrole sont passés de 247 milliards de dollars en 2014 à 130 milliards de dollars en 2015.

Lire aussi : Un accord international prévoit le gel de la production pétrolière

Il apparait toutefois que le Qatar et le Koweït sont les deux pays qui tirent le plus d’avantages de leurs exportations de pétrole : rapportés à la population, les revenus nets de ces deux pays membres se sont respectivement élevés à 18.658 et 12.133 dollars par habitant en 2015. Enfin, il est à noter que seule l’Indonésie a profité de la chute des cours (car elle est le seul membre de l’OPEP a être importatrice nette de pétrole depuis 2003).

Une tendance infirmée en 2017

L’EIA, qui se base sur la production et la courbe des prix des cinq premiers mois de l’année 2016, estime que cette tendance à la baisse devrait se poursuivre cette année encore. Les exportations de pétrole devraient descendre à un niveau de 341 milliards de dollars, soit une baisse de 15 % par rapport à 2015. Des pays membres de l’OPEP (comme le Venezuela, qui dispose pourtant des premières réserves de pétrole du monde) devraient être particulièrement affectés par la baisse des revenus liée aux exportations de pétrole.

Malgré des revenus en baisse, la production pétrolière de l’OPEP a connu une hausse de 4,2 % de ses volumes en 2015. Elle est passée de 36,7 millions de barils par jour (Mb/j) en 2014 à 38,2 Mb/j. La production de ses pays membres a donc représenté 41,1 % des volumes produits au niveau mondial en 2015.

Les statisticiens de l’EIA tablent cependant pour une légère reprise en 2017. Grâce à un sursaut des cours du pétrole et à des exportations en hausse, les revenus de l’OPEP pourraient revenir à leur niveau de 2015. Pour rappel, le prix du baril de Brent est descendu à 53,3 dollars en moyenne en 2015 (contre 99 dollars en 2014).

Lire aussi : L’AIE prévoit la hausse des prix du pétrole en 2017

Crédit photo : Berardo62

Rédigé par : lucas-goal


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