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Pour le ministre cambodgien des Mines et de l’Energie, Suy Sem, les investissements chinois sont indispensables au pays. Depuis l’an 2000, ceux-ci ont notamment contribué à développer l’électrification rurale et à construire des centrales hydroélectriques.
Dans une interview accordée à l’agence Xinhua le 11 octobre dernier, Suy Sem a évoqué l’importance de la coopération sino-cambodgienne dans le secteur énergétique, qui « dépend massivement des investissements chinois ». Grâce à l’initiative « la Ceinture et la Route », soutenue également par la Banque asiatique d’investissement pour les infrastructures (BAII), le gouvernement espère construire des lignes de transmission de courant dans l’ensemble des villages d’ici 2020. Aujourd’hui, 72 % des localités seraient déjà raccordés à l’électricité d’après ses estimations.
Par ailleurs, depuis l’an 2000, six barrages ont été financés par la Chine : ils produisent 928 MW d’énergie propre, soit 47 % de l’électricité disponible au Cambodge. Actuellement, « toutes les centrales hydroélectriques au Cambodge sont le fruit à 100 % d’investissements chinois, à l’exception du projet de Sésan Krom II (781 millions de dollars) », précise le responsable politique. Edifiée à 70 %, cette installation permettra de réduire les importations d’électricité.
Toujours selon Suy Sem, les besoins en électricité du Cambodge progressent annuellement d’environ 20 %. Pour répondre à cette hausse de la demande, le pays envisage à l’avenir de se tourner vers l’énergie solaire. Cependant, en raison des prix trop élevés, il estime pour le moment que « les consommateurs à bas revenu ne peuvent pas se le permettre ».
Lire aussi : Le Cambodge inaugure son plus grand barrage hydroélectrique
Crédit Photo : @AFD