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La ville de Montpellier et le gestionnaire de déchets Suez ont inauguré, le 11 octobre dernier, le nouveau processus de valorisation de l’usine de méthanisation Amétyst II. Ce procédé d’ultra-criblage, qui vise à améliorer la production de compost de cette usine, fait suite à un important programme d’investissement de la part de Suez. Retour sur la (re)naissance d’un équipement fortement contesté à son lancement.

Les débuts difficiles de l’usine Amétyst

L’usine de méthanisation Ametyst a été inaugurée en juillet 2008 pour revaloriser chaque année 170 000 tonnes d’ordures ménagères résiduelles et 33 000 tonnes de biodéchets. Lors de son lancement, l’objectif était de traiter et de transformer la matière organique des déchets de l’agglomération montpelliéraine en biogaz (utilisé pour la production d’électricité et de chaleur) et en compost (pour l’amendement naturel des sols en agriculture).

Lire aussi : La méthanisation, une filière d’avenir en France

Cependant, l’usine débute son activité avec beaucoup de difficultés. Le bâtiment, construit par Vinci, se révèle être mal dimensionné et, par conséquent, incapable de traiter les quantités attendues: Ametyst ne produit donc pas les volumes d’énergie prévus, et le compost ne répond pas à la norme NFU 44051. Pour parer à ces dysfonctionnements et remettre l’équipement aux normes, Suez investit 10 millions d’euros.

Devenu depuis Amétyst 2, l’usine voit sa filière organique et le procédé de valorisation énergétique complètement modernisés. L’installation du procédé de l’ultra-criblage Rhewum a permis d’affiner et d’épurer la matière organique dès le début du processus de traitement (avant la décomposition anaérobie) afin d’obtenir un compost normé. Quant au procédé Optibio, il permet de traiter les déchets ménagers par méthanisation à des niveaux de rendement énergétique très élevés.

Le plus important centre de méthanisation de France

« Avec de telles innovations, l’unité de production d’énergie verte et d’amendement organique Amétyst devient une référence européenne de méthanisation des déchets ménagers et biodéchets, aux performances inégalées pour ce type d’installation », se félicite Jean-Louis Chaussade, le Directeur Général de Suez. Exploitée en délégation de service public depuis 2008, Amétyst est en effet devenue le plus important centre de méthanisation de France : il traite jusqu’à 140.000 tonnes de déchets par an.

Pour 2017, l’usine compte produire plus de 22 GWh d’énergie électrique et 12 GWh d’énergie thermique. Cette dernière sera notamment utilisée pour le chauffage et la production d’eau chaude, la climatisation d’une clinique et la production d’eau chaude sanitaire pour l’éco-quartier montpelliérain des Grisettes.

Il faudra toutefois augmenter les volumes de biodéchets reçus pour atteindre les pleines capacités de l’usine. L’agglomération de Montpellier souhaite notamment améliorer les processus de tri sélectif et prendre en charge les déchets de sources externes (communautés de communes voisines par exemple) pour atteindre cet objectif. Une convention portant sur la valorisation des biodéchets de 12 hypermarchés a été signée récemment.

Lire aussi : WagaBox : première usine de méthanisation des déchets domestiques au monde

Crédit photo : Wolfgang Staudt