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Les médias officiels iraniens ont annoncé, le 10 septembre dernier, le début du chantier de construction de deux nouveaux réacteurs nucléaires dans l’enceinte de la centrale de Bouchehr. Malgré l’appartenance de son pays à l’Organisation des pays exportateurs de pétrole, le président de l’Iran, Hassan Rohani, ambitionne de réduire sa dépendance au pétrole grâce aux énergies bas-carbone. Zoom sur la politique énergétique de la République islamique.

Lancement des travaux de construction de 2 réacteurs nucléaires

C’est par le biais de la diffusion d’images officielles à la télévision que le gouvernement d’Hassan Rohani a annoncé le lancement de la construction en Iran de deux nouveaux réacteurs nucléaires d’une puissance unitaire de 1.000 MW. Ces deux nouveaux moyens de production s’ajouteront à celui actuellement en fonction sur le site de la centrale du Bouchehr (sur la côte iranienne du Golfe).

Mahmoud Jafari, responsable du projet, a expliqué que ces travaux seraient menés par la société iranienne de développement et de production nucléaire NPPD, en étroite collaboration avec l’agence fédérale de l’énergie atomique russe, Rosatom. Ce ne sont pas moins de 8.000 travailleurs qui devraient participer aux travaux.

Lire aussi : La Russie teste un nouveau combustible nucléaire

C’est en juillet 2015, lors de la signature de l’accord international sur le nucléaire iranien avec le groupe des 5+1 (membres du Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU et l’Allemagne), que la Russie et l’Iran ont décidé de renforcer leur coopération dans le domaine de l’énergie nucléaire. La Russie s’est notamment engagée à aider l’Iran dans la construction de 9 nouveaux réacteurs nucléaires.

Un mix électrique dominé par les énergies fossiles

Soucieux de réduire sa dépendance aux énergies fossiles polluantes, dont il est pourtant l’un des principaux producteurs mondiaux, le gouvernement iranien ambitionne de développer au total 20 réacteurs nucléaires au cours des prochaines décennies. L’objectif est de renforcer son parc de production avec une puissance nucléaire de 20.000 MW.

À ce jour, l’Iran ne dispose que d’un seul réacteur nucléaire destiné à la production d’électricité. C’est donc à l’aide de ses ressources intérieures en hydrocarbures que le pays satisfait sa consommation énergétique : en 2014, le pétrole et le gaz représentaient 98 % de la production totale d’énergie.

Le parc électrique renouvelable iranien, quant à lui, affichait une puissance de 12,1 MW en 2015. Ce chiffre est cependant appelé à augmenter au cours des prochaines années, Téhéran s’étant engagée à développer une puissance de production renouvelable de 5 GW d’ici l’horizon 2020.

Lire aussi : L’AIEA valide l’accord sur le nucléaire iranien

Crédi tphoto : Nanking2012