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Energy Observer, bateau autonome en énergie, prépare un tour du monde | L'EnerGeek Energy Observer, bateau autonome en énergie, prépare un tour du monde | L'EnerGeek

Energy Observer, bateau autonome en énergie, prépare un tour du monde

energy_observer_photo_mathilde-basse

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energy_observer_photo_mathilde-basseAprès le secteur de l’aviation, c’est au tour du secteur du transport maritime de s’intéresser aux énergies renouvelables pour réduire ses émissions de dioxyde de carbone. Le projet Energy Observer, digne successeur de Solar Impulse, vise en effet à effectuer un tour du monde en bateau uniquement grâce aux technologies d’énergies propres. Zoom sur un projet dont le héros n’est autre que le premier navire autonome en énergie au monde.

Ambassadeur du renouvelable et de la mobilité hydrogène

Il y a quelques mois, l’équipe de Solar Impulse célébrait la réussite de leur audacieux projet : réaliser un tour du monde à bord d’un avion uniquement alimenté grâce à l’énergie solaire. C’est désormais dans le secteur maritime que l’exploit va être tenté. Energy Observer vise en effet à devenir le premier navire propulsé à l’hydrogène et fonctionnant aux énergies propres à effectuer le tour du globe.

Lire aussi : Solar Impulse 2 : le solaire, avenir de l’aviation ?

C’est en 1984 que le catamaran canadien Formule Tag devient le premier voilier à franchir la barre des 500 miles parcourus en 24 heures. Après une carrière de 10 ans à enchaîner courses et victoires (dont le trophée Jules Verne), ce bateau s’apprête à entamer une seconde vie sous le nouveau nom de baptême Energy Observer.

Reconditionné dans les hangars du pôle naval Jacques-Cartier de Saint-Malo (Ille-et-Vilaine), ce bateau de plus de 30 mètres de long pour quasiment 13 mètres de large est en effet en train de devenir l’ambassadeur maritime des énergies renouvelables et de la mobilité à l’hydrogène : depuis 2015, une équipe de 30 personnes (architectes, designers, ingénieurs…) travaillent à l’implantation d’équipements énergétiques.

En route vers un tour du monde

C’est en effet grâce à l’énergie tirée d’éoliennes et de panneaux photovoltaïques embarqués que les systèmes  de l’Energy Observer fonctionneront. Mais la véritable innovation réside dans l’utilisation d’un système de production d’hydrogène : le catamaran embarquera également deux moteurs électriques réversibles qui permettront de générer de l’électricité par hydrogénisation. Cet hydrogène permettra donc de stocker une partie de l’énergie renouvelable produite à bord.

«Nous alimenterons nos batteries avec l’énergie solaire et éolienne si le temps le permet, et ces batteries alimenteront ensuite nos moteurs électriques. S’il n’y a pas de vent, de soleil, ou la nuit, c’est l’hydrogène stocké et fabriqué par électrolyse de l’eau, grâce aux panneaux solaires et aux deux éoliennes, qui prendra le relais», explique en effet Victorien Erussard, un des responsables du projet.

Doté d’un budget global de 4,2 millions d’euros, l’Energy Observer va entamer en février prochain la seconde phase du projet : un tour du monde de 6 ans qui vise à prouver la fiabilité des technologies utilisées. Piloté par Victorien Erussard et Jérôme Delafosse, le catamaran explorera les mers et océans du monde avec plus de 100 escales déjà programmées.

Lire aussi : Des chercheurs suisses optimisent le stockage de l’énergie solaire sous forme d’hydrogène

Crédit photo : Mathilde Basse

Rédigé par : lucas-goal


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