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Le Burkina Fasso a inauguré, le 13 octobre dernier, une usine de fabrication de lampes solaires. Selon les promoteurs du projet, il s’agit de la toute première usine de production de lampes solaires à l’échelle industrielle à s’installer sur le continent africain. L’objectif est de combler le déficit en énergie électrique qui plombe le pays, grâce à une ressource renouvelable et naturelle que ce pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest dispose en abondance : les rayons du soleil.
Des lampes solaires pour éclairer les populations sans électricité
C’est dans une zone industrielle de la ville de Dédougou, à 260 kilomètres à l’ouest de la capitale Ouagadougou, que vient d’ouvrir l’usine de fabrication de lampes solaires Lagazel. Le projet, qui s’inscrit dans le cadre du programme de la Banque Mondiale « Lighting Africa » a notamment permis la création d’une vingtaine d’emplois et vise la production de 1.500 lampes solaires par semaine. D’ici 2020, ce ne sont pas moins d’un million de lampes qui auront ainsi été fabriquées.
Lire aussi : Akon Lighting Africa : Akon s’investit dans l’électrification en Afrique
L’objectif est de favoriser le remplacement des lampes à pétrole utilisées par les nombreux citoyens burkinabés qui n’ont pas accès à l’électricité. « Outre la pollution, les lampes à pétrole ont souvent des conséquences sur les capacités visuelles de certains enfants et j’avais à cœur de développer un moyen d’éclairage écologique et surtout accessible à tous », explique Arnaud Chabanne, l’un des Français à l’origine de ce projet.
Pour l’instant concentré sur la fabrication de lampes solaires de petite taille, l’usine pourrait bien se spécialiser dans la fabrication de modèles plus gros, capables d’éclairer plusieurs pièces et de recharger divers équipements de la maison (téléphone, ordinateur…). Ce genre de modèle est actuellement en cours de développement dans un bureau d’étude, et ne sera pas produit avant l’horizon 2018.
Introduire le photovoltaïque au mix énergétique du Burkina Faso
Grâce à la mise en place de ce projet et au déploiement des lampes solaire sur son territoire, le Burkina Fasso espère régler une partie des problématiques énergétiques qui ralentissent aujourd’hui son économie. Le gouvernement burkinabè compte intégrer de plus en plus l’énergie photovoltaïque à son mix énergétique : développer les énergies renouvelables pourrait en effet enrayer la carence énergétique. Mi-juin, Ouagadougou a d’ailleurs lancé la construction d’une centrale solaire de 33 MW.
Le Burkina Fasso est un pays pauvre où le coût du kilowatt/heure s’avère être le plus cher de tout le continent africain. De fait, l’électricité est devenue une denrée précieuse et rare : seul 19% des 19 millions de citoyens burkinabès y ont aujourd’hui accès. Pire, en zone rurale, seulement 3% de la population a le courant.
« Aujourd’hui c’est le début d’une grande aventure qui est celle de mettre à la disposition des millions d’habitants du Burkina Faso qui n’ont que le soleil comme éclairage des lampes solaires efficaces, abordables et durables », explique M. Chabanne. Il faut dire que le marché des lampes solaires pourrait s’avérer des plus porteurs dans un pays où le soleil brille 365 jours par an.
Lire aussi : Burkina Faso : l’énergie solaire pour réduire le déficit énergétique
Crédit photo : Sputniktilt